OUTSTANDING WINNERS OF AWARDS PROGRAM ANNOUNCED

The International Society for the Study of Rural Crime (ISSRC) is made up of scholars, students and practitioners from around the world with an interest in research aimed at reducing the scourge of crime in all its forms in rural areas.

The Society launched its annual awards program in 2020, offering awards in three categories.

  • The Joseph F. Donnermeyer New Scholar Award
  • The ISSRC Research Student Award
  • The ISSRC Policy, Practice and Engagement Award

The President of the Society, Emeritus Professor Joseph F. Donnermeyer, said the field of applications for each award category in 2021 was very strong.

“The judging panels had their work cut out this year”, Professor Donnermeyer said.

“Applications were of a very high calibre, showing that the future of the Society and of rural crime studies is in excellent hands.

“I was impressed with the innovative ways which applicants are thinking about how we can tackle crime in rural places – both in a scholarly way but also important practically as well.

“It’s one thing to sit at a desk putting thoughts to paper. It’s another thing altogether to think cleverly as to how these ideas can help shift policy and practice.

“On behalf of the Society’s membership, hearty congratulations and hats off to the three 2021 award recipients!”, Professor Donnermeyer said.

Winners receive a certificate, a cash prize and a book voucher kindly dontaed by Britsol University Press.

 

          Bristol University Press Logo

 

The 2021 ‘Joseph F. Donnermeyer New Scholar Award’ is presented to:

 

Dr Tarah Hodgkinson, Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Canada.

Tarah is a very productive scholar, and has written rural-focused articles in both an Australian and Canadian context. She has an impressive track record, with 25 journal articles, 6 book chapters and 11 other publications. She has also received international awards, showing her impact and reputation on this level. Her funding to date is also noteworthy.

In the co-authored article she submitted, Tarah identifies a research and evidence deficit in the topic studied; fear of crime in non-urban contexts. She talks about contributing factors such as neglect of the rural in research and the myth of rural idyll, and points to need to examine rural, including in relation to differences in crime decline. Overall, there is a clear contribution to rural criminology (and there are both research and practice implications and contributions) and she is an incredible early career researcher.

The panel was able to see how Tarah’s work has not only made an impact as an academic but also in the applied sense as a crime prevention practitioner.

The 2021 ISSRC Research Student Award is presented to:

 

Cecili Doorewaard, University of South Africa

The panel was unanimous in their decision of awarding Cecili the ISSRC Research Student Award for 2021. The Research Student Award is given to research student (Honours / Masters / PhD student) for a sole-authored piece of writing associated with their research (unpublished or published) in rural criminology.

While all of the applications produced excellent work, Cecili’s research stood out in large part due to its novelty, depth of insight and, ultimately, significant contribution to the field of rural criminology. Specifically, her study explored, describe and explained the criminal behaviour associated with livestock-theft. While farm crime is a field with a relatively healthy empirical basis, very little is known about the perpetrators of these crimes themselves. Cecili’s work therefore provides new insight into offender characteristics, modus operandi and motive.

Importantly, Cecili took these findings and considered them in the context of criminological theory to help explain the how and why of livestock theft, and what drives offenders to commit such acts. Needless to say, such information is valuable from the perspective of policy and practice. To this end, Cecili also drew on these important findings to make a number of key recommendations to enable the criminal justice system and livestock owners to tackle live-stock theft. In short, this work deserves to be recognised and awarded and rural criminologists more broadly would do well to follow Cecili’s lead and consider criminal behaviour associated with livestock-theft from a comparative international perspective.

 

The 2021 ISSRC Policy, Practice and Engagement Award is presented to:

 

The New South Wales Police Force Rural Crime Prevention Team (Led by Det Insp Cameron Whiteside)

In aggregate, the NSW Rural Crime team is outwardly focussed, such as with their involvement with student learning, engagement with academia, interactions with farmers and so on. They have developed a clear leadership role in Australia and New Zealand, notably with the creation of a nationally accredited course, as well as the information booklet. Clear evidence is provided on a range of initiatives which are innovative and aimed at addressing rural crime in NSW (but with national/international potential as well).

The team exemplifies the purpose of the Award – practical application from the law enforcement side that targets and aids potential victims in increasing security, works collaboratively with researchers and the educational environment (outreach through teaching as well). The level of innovation has made them a leader in Australia – policy, practice, and engagement all.

New rural crime research – a podcast, a research report and a book!

Podcast on violence in rural settings

Director of the Research Centre on Violence at West Virginia University and ISSRC member Dr Walter DeKeseredy – author of the recent Routledge book Women abuse in rural places – has joined with Dr Lillie Macias to deliver a thought-provoking podcast. In it they discuss poly-victimisation in rural LGBTQ communities, crimes towards LGBTQ people and ethnic minorities in rural areas, and the role of the media in building more inclusive spaces.

Research report on ‘illicit entrepreneurialism’ in the United Kingdom

Hot off the press are brand new findings from Dr Kate Tudor from Northumbria University. Kate has been researching an array of issues around the theft of agricultural machinery, plant, equipment and vehicles across rural parts of the United Kingdom. Kate’s report offers an outline of the key issues, the methodologies she adopted and key findings – and importantly and of interest to many scholars and practitioners alike, she offers a series of recommendations.

New rural crime book coming soon!

Dr Alistair Harkness, a co-director of the Centre for Rural Criminology at the University of New England (and ISSRC Secretary) and Prof Rob White at the University of Tasmania have produced an edited collection published by Emerald and being released on 19 May. Crossroads of Rural Crime: Representations and Realities of Transgression in the Australian Countryside adopts the notion of ‘crossroads’ to provide a unique lens through which to examine realities of rural crime, focus on notions of the mobility of crime within, to and from rural spaces. Alistair and Rob expand on the framing of the book in an item in the recent Rurality, Crime and Society newsletter (Vol.2, Iss 1).

Brown and Green Grass Field during Sunset

(Pic credit: Jonathan Petersson, www.pexels.com)

 

Policing rural communities – Roundtable recording

On 20 October 2020, the International Society for the Study of Rural Crime – @RuCrimSociety – held an online roundtable focussed on “Policing Rural Communities”.

THE ROUNDTABLE RECORDING CAN BE ACCESSED HERE

Rural crime and criminal justice practices and responses face different challenges from those experienced in urban contexts. This practitioner-focused roundtable investigated challenges and innovations in international contexts on issues surrounding rural policing.

The event was hosted and moderated by Dr Jessica Peterson from the University of Nebraska at Kearney.

The expert panel consisted of:

Detective Inspector Cameron Whiteside
State Rural Crime Coordinator, New South Wales Police Force (Australia)

Inspector Alan Dron
National Rural Crime Co-ordinator, Police Scotland

Tori Heaney
Farm Crime Advisor, Farm Crime Coordination Unit, Victoria Police (Australia)

Christian Mouhanna
Director, Centre de recherches sociologiques sur le droit et les institutions pénales (Centre for Sociological Research on Law and Criminal Justice Institutions)

We asked our panellists two key things:

  1. What are the key challenges for rural policing?
  2. What innovations are being deployed internationally to address these challenges?

THE ROUNDTABLE RECORDING CAN BE ACCESSED HERE

‘POLICING RURAL COMMUNITIES’ ROUNDTABLE – 2O OCTOBER 2020

The International Society for the Study of Rural Crime – @RuCrimSociety – invites you to an online roundtable “Policing Rural Communities”.

Date and Time

Tue, 20 October 2020

5:20 PM for 5:30 PM – 7:00 PM AEDT

Check your local time here

REGISTER via EventBrite here

 

About this Event

Rural crime and criminal justice practices and responses face different challenges from those experienced in urban contexts.

This practitioner-focused roundtable investigates challenges and innovations in international contexts on issues surrounding rural policing.

This roundtable will provide an opportunity for participants to hear first-hand from four leaders in rural policing about work being done in both hemispheres to police rural crime.

We ask our panellists two key things:

  1. What are the key challenges for rural policing?
  2. What innovations are being deployed internationally to address these challenges?

Ample opportunity will be provided for attendees to engage with the panel.

 

Roundtable Chair

The event will be hosted and moderated by Dr Jessica Peterson from the University of Nebraska at Kearney.

 

 

 

 

The Panel

Detective Inspector Cameron Whiteside
State Rural Crime Coordinator, New South Wales Police Force (Australia)

Detective Inspector Cameron Whiteside’s 31 year (24 years as a Detective) started in 1989 when he joined the New South Wales Police Force. He currently serves as the inaugural State Rural Crime Coordinator for the Rural Crime Prevention Team that covers approximately 95% of New South Wales. The Team supports Police Districts and Police Area Commands in the prevention and response to rural crime.

 

Inspector Alan Dron
National Rural Crime Co-ordinator, Police Scotland

Inspector Alan Dron has over 28 years in the police service, including the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency. He currently serves as the Rural Crime Co-ordinator for Police Scotland and ensures smooth operations of the Scottish Partnership Against Rural Crime (SPARC) from his base at the Gartcosh Scottish Crime Campus. SPARC consists of key partnerships and organisations that work together to advance crime prevention and enforcement strategies in diverse rural communities.

 

Tori Heaney
Farm Crime Advisor, Farm Crime Coordination Unit, Victoria Police (Australia)

Tori, who owns her family farm in rural Victoria, has degrees in Criminology and Business as well as a Graduate Certificate in Intelligence Analysis. She currently provides high-level analysis, advice, and research direction for the Farm Crime Coordination Unit of Victoria Police. Victoria Police has a collection of more than 60 Farm Crime Liaison Officers (FCLO) across the state with expertise in investigating livestock theft and farm related crime.

 

Christian Mouhanna
Director, Centre de recherches sociologiques sur le droit et les institutions pénales (Centre for Sociological Research on Law and Criminal Justice Institutions)

Christian Mouhanna is a permanent researcher at the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and Director of CESDIP (Centre for Sociological Research on Law and Criminal Justice Institutions), a major venue for the study of criminal justice and deviance in France. He worked for more than 20 years on the French Police Forces, including the French Gendarmerie, the courts and security policies.

The roundtable is free to attend.

However, if you are able to make a donation, funds will be directed to the ISSRC awards program for higher degree research students, early career researchers, and practitioners.

REGISTER via EventBrite here

Interested in joining the ISSRC? Visit www.issrc.net/membership

New South Wales Farm Crime Survey 2020

Are you a farmer in New South Wales, Australia? Have your say to help fight rural crime!

Crimes that impact on pastoral, agricultural and aquacultural operations cost Australia millions of dollars each year and can have devastating financial, mental and physical impacts on our rural landowners and communities.

Farm crime offences most commonly reported include the theft of livestock, produce, tools, machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel and other farm inputs, and incidences of vandalism, arson, trespassing, illegal hunting, and sabotage.

However, we still need more evidence and research to better understand the extent of the problem of rural crime, its impacts on landowners and primary producers, and the most effective and achievable solutions.

To help fill this information gap, The UNE Centre for Rural Criminology is conducting the NSW Farm Crime Survey 2020.

If you are involved in farming in New South Wales, your insights will help us better understand the scope of the problem and plan effective measures that can be taken by the government, law enforcement agencies and farmers to reduce the incidence of farm crime across NSW.

The survey can be taken anonymously and will ask for your experiences and perceptions of farm crime, your attitudes towards the policing of and criminal justice responses to farm crime, and your awareness and implementation of crime prevention measures.

Click here to complete the NSW Farm Crime Survey 2020.

If you have any questions about the survey, please contact Dr Kyle Mulrooney, Co-Director of the UNE Centre for Rural Criminology by email or call (02) 6773 1940.

When farmers become criminals – heroes or zeroes?

 

Post by Willie Clack (Department of Penology, University of South Africa)

 

 

Folklore about rural life creates the idea of idyll and has been romanced ever since the urbanisation trend started in the 1800s and 1900s. The fact of the matter is that many people abandoned the rural idyll as they feared for their lives and envisaged a sense of safety created by towns and cities.

The rogue elements of social life in rural areas should never be ignored or downplayed.  Research has shown that the effect of farm crimes has a much wider influence than the immediate environment of the farming operation and therefore legislation is adopted in society to protect not only rural communities but farming operations in regions, countries and globally.

In 1941, Hannah made the following remark concerning the legal education of farmers and students of agriculture: “They have a concept of law which lies somewhere between complete ignorance on the one hand and complete understanding on the other hand”. Hannah goes further to demonstrate that agricultural producers will only acknowledge legislation when it works in their favour but will deny the existence of the law if it places a burden on them.

In January 2019, South Africa had an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Limpopo, which affected a small part of the farming communities directly; however all livestock farmers suffered indirectly as a result of the ban on exports. An action plan was put in place but irrespective of the preventative measures taken, a further outbreak of the disease occurred in November 2019. The November outbreak was the direct consequence of livestock producers violating legislation punishable by imprisonment.

Needless to say, no criminal charges have been laid – due to non-compliance with legislation, the perpetrators are not identifiable.

Actions taken by government was to place restrictions on the movement of animals and a ban on the gathering of animals from more than one farm, and in effect, the hosting of auctions in four provinces.

Irrespective of the ban and pleas of organised agriculture, some auctioneers decided they will not abide by the restrictions of government and hosted auctions. This is not only a violation of legislation but an act that can result in the whole livestock industry of South Africa being destroyed. These acts by farmers to support and to host auctions are forbidden by legislation regardless of possible criminal and civil liability.

Today you may be the hero who rebel against government and their attempts to control a disease, but tomorrow, you will be zero if a whole industry is destroyed by your rebellious actions.

11 fresh rural crime research articles

Volume 31, Edition 4 of Acta Criminologica, the Southern African Journal of Criminology, contains a wealth of new research on rural crime.

This special edition, edited by ISSRC executive member Willie Clack, contains 11 articles which will be of much interest and usefulness to scholars and others interested in rural crime. This collection of research contributes greatly to arresting the “trend of neglect” in criminological research which Willie Clack argues focuses on urban crime with rural crimes too often not recognised as a distinct phenomenon “despite equal importance”.

Articles in the special edition

Rural crimes: non-reporting of livestock theft by farmers

The impact of crime on farms: an international synthesis

The context of farm crime in Australia

Stocktheft in Kenya: patterns, drivers and challenges

Grazing with bullets in Africa: Fulani herdsmen-community killings and state response in Nigeria

A criminological assessment of ritualistic mutilation as a component of predatory theft of livestock in rural South Africa

Making rural areas safer: potential benefits of the rural safety plan

An examination of co-operative strategies towards policing stocktheft in the Kwazulu-Natal province

The integration of conventional and technological methods in combating stock theft by selected stakeholders in the Kwazulu-Natal province

The impact of conservation crime on the South African rural economy: a case study of rhino poaching

A discussion of rhino horn domestic trade legalisation in South Africa

‘poddy-dodging’

In Australia, the common term for the theft of cattle is ‘cattle duffing’ (the offender being a ‘cattle duffer’, and for the theft of sheep ‘sheep rustling’ (and a ‘sheep rustler’).

An informal expression for the theft of unbranded calves is known as ‘poddy dodging’, although the term is not used in regular parlance.

The origin of term is from the 1920s, formed from ‘poddy’ (in the Australian sense ‘calf’) and ‘dodge’.  The culprit is a poddy-dodger.  The practice most commonly occurs with the theft of young cattle, perhaps from a neighbouring property, which are then marked by the new ‘owner’ as their own.

In Croydon in Far North Queensland, an annual Poddy-Dodger’s Festival celebrates the town’s notoriety as Australia’s cattle duffing capital. You can read more about the festival here and it’s origins.

Stock theft, though, is a very serious matter with social and economic consequences – and rising meat and wool prices is contributing to the targeting of cattle and sheep.

Croydon, Queensland (from Google Maps)

 

Farm crime victimisation reporting

Any notion that crime is an urban phenomenon and that beyond the city-scape lies a crime-free rural idyll can be dismissed once and for all. Equipment, livestock and anything else of value on farms continue to be magnets for opportunistic and organised criminals alike.

Farms are vulnerable to theft because of unique socio-demographic factors such as:

  • Remoteness and distance between farms
  • Access to the property
  • Improved transport infrastructure
  • Changing / unstable populations
  • Relaxed attitudes to security
  • Perpetrators are becoming more organised
  • Has a crime been committed/evidence

And there are a number of quite specific rural issues

  • A ‘she’ll be right’ rural mentality
  • Irregular livestock counts
  • Tractors which are keyed alike
    Keys left in ignitions of unlocked vehicles and machines
  • Sheds/out-buildings left unlocked
  • Machinery left near roadsides out of sight of house
  • Informal “vigilantism”
  • Non-reporting – the ‘dark figure of crime’

Non-reporting

Let’s consider the last one: non-reporting of farm crime is a significant issue because it affects resourcing decisions and police practice. If the reality of farm crime is not known, then appropriate attention cannot be paid at either local or state-wide levels. It also means that the weight of the law won’t be applied to those who engage in criminality – after all, investigations can only occur after reports are made.

Reasons offered for not reporting farm crime are many and varied, and can be divided into three key, broad categories of reasons: institutional; evidence and community.

Institutional:

  • belief that police not able to do anything
  • perception that police do not have agricultural knowledge
  • worry that police won’t take it seriously
  • hassles of the legal process

 

 

 

Evidence:

  • feeling that the crime not serious enough to report
  • unable to prove ownership of stolen property
  • not sure a crime has occurred
  • no evidence
  • too much time had passed

Community:

  • offender was known / living in a small community
  • fear of revenge
  • farmer solved themselves
  • did not want the media to get hold of the story

This is an international problem: in Victoria, Australia, the United Kingdom and elsewhere.